Frequency and Amplitude Optimizations for Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy Applications

Nowadays, there is a growing interest in the field of magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS)-based bioassays. MPS monitors dynamic response surface-functionalized nanoparticles (MNPs) upon excitation by an alternating (AMF) to detect various target analytes. This technology has flourished past decade due its low cost, background noise interference from biomatrix, and fast time. A large number variants have been reported different groups around world, with applications ranging disease diagnosis foodborne pathogen detection virus detection. However, urgent need for guidance on how optimize sensitivity choosing types MNPs, AMF modalities, assay strategies (i.e., volume- surface-based assays). In this work, we systematically study effect frequencies amplitudes responses single- multicore MNPs under two extreme conditions, namely, bound unbound states. Our results show that some modalities such as dual-frequency utilizing are more suitable bioassay applications, whereas single-frequency systems using or better suited volumetric applications. Furthermore, sensitivities these can be further improved careful selection amplitudes.